Acetone / Ketone Bodies - Urine
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This test is aslo known as Urine Ketone Test or simply Urine Ketones, dipstick test, ketonuria test, or specifically, the Rothera’s test.
What is it?
A urine ketone test checks for ketones, which are substances made when your body uses fat for energy instead of sugar (glucose). It is used to:
- Detect Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA): A life-threatening emergency in diabetes.
- Monitor low-carb/keto diets: Ensuring ketosis is within a safe range.
- Identify metabolic issues: Caused by starvation, pregnancy, or severe illness.
What does the test include?
The test primarily screens for three main types of ketone bodies produced by the liver:
- Acetoacetate: The primary ketone body detected by standard urine dipsticks.
- Acetone: A byproduct of acetoacetate breakdown; it is also detected by most qualitative urine tests.
- Beta-hydroxybutyrate (3HB): While this is the most abundant ketone in the blood during ketoacidosis, most standard urine dipsticks do not detect it directly.
When is it ordered?
The doctor may recomment this test under the following situations:
Diabetes & Hyperglycemia Management
- Persistent Hyperglycemia: Blood sugar consistently >240–300 mg/dL.
- DKA Surveillance: Symptoms of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fruity breath).
- Acute Illness/Infection: When sick (cold, flu) or under stress.
- Insulin Deficiency: Suspected insulin pump failure or malfunction.
Metabolic & Nutritional Monitoring
- Ketogenic/Low-Carb Diets: Monitoring nutritional ketosis.
- Metabolic Stress: Prolonged fasting, starvation, or eating disorders (anorexia).
Acute Symptoms & Special Conditions
- Acute Illness: Unexplained weight loss, severe vomiting, or diarrhea.
- Metabolic Emergencies: Suspected alcoholic ketoacidosis.
- Pregnancy: Monitoring for gestational diabetes or severe morning sickness.
- Excessive Exercise: To check for glycogen depletion.
Your Test Preparation
- Diet: 24-hour low-carb intake.
- Hydration: Regular water intake (avoid over-hydration before test).
- Meds: Review all prescriptions/supplements with a doctor.
- Fasting: As instructed by a healthcare provider.
- Timing: First morning urine sample for highest accuracy.
Special Instructions
Always clean the genital area & then collect the a midstream urine sample in a sterile container.
Test Reports Timeframe
Within 24 hrs.
Specimen Type
Midstream urine sample
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