This test is aslo known as urine immunofixation electrophoresis/immunoassay for free light chains/BJP/urine electrophoresis/urinary light chains/myeloma studies.
The Bence-Jones protein urine test is used most often to diagnose and check on multiple myeloma, a type of cancer.
An abnormal Bence-Jones test result may mean you have a type of malignant lymphoma. These are cancers of the lymphatic system. Multiple myeloma is a type of blood cancer that affects plasma cells. These are immune system cells that make antibodies to help fight infections. Most plasma cells live in bone marrow, so multiple myeloma tumors are often found in bone. Bone marrow is where blood cells are made. Multiple myeloma takes up space and leaves less space for normal bone marrow. This can cause problems, such as:
- Anemia: This is not enough red blood cells. It can lead to weakness and tiredness.
- Thrombocytopenia: This is not enough blood platelets called thrombocytes. These are needed to form blood clots. This causes excess bleeding or bruising.
- Leukopenia: This is not enough white blood cells. It can lead to a weakening of the immune system.
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Your healthcare provider may recommend this test if you have some of these symptoms:
- Bone pain or breaks, especially in the back, hips, or skull.
- Brimming with infections.
- High blood calcium.
- Low levels of red or white blood cells or platelets.
- Nervous system issues, like pain, numbness, or weakness.
- Stroke-like symptoms, such as confusion and dizziness.
- Fatigue and swelling of the legs.
This test may be done with a 24-hour urine sample. For this sample, you must collect all of your urine for 24 hours. Empty your bladder completely first thing in the morning without collecting it. Note the time. Then collect your urine every time you go to the bathroom over the next 24 hours. You will collect it in a container that your healthcare provider or the lab gives you.
Or you may have urine protein electrophoresis. This test checks the levels of proteins in the urine, including Bence-Jones proteins. This test does not need a 24-hour sample. It is done with a small sample of urine in a collection container.
None
Three to five days
A blood sample drawn from a vein in your arm known as "Vanipuncture".
Sample report in a format
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